Posted: May 24th, 2022

Airport Drug Trafficking Reflection Term Paper

Airport Drug Trafficking
1. What episode and case are being discussed? Give a short 2-3 sentence description, including the episode information.
The episode upon discussion is 02 USA Airport Drug Trafficking Documentary 2017, which give insights into how drug are trafficked into the United States through the Airports. According to the narrator, officers on the ground use their knowledge and skills experience to help them identify and snatch drug traffickers and bring them to book if found guilty. In this episode, the case of interest is the one male immigrant suspected of possessing illegal drugs, and upon thorough search, he was found to have hidden cocaine in his shoes.

2. Where did this case take place? Airport? Bordering crossing? What state and local jurisdiction?
The incident occurred at John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York City’s primary international airport. JFK is also the busiest of the six airports that make up the New York airport system, the 13th busiest airport in the United States, and the busiest intercontinental passenger route into North America. This gives traffickers an advantage in bringing illicit items, particularly narcotics, into the United States. The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is a U.S. intelligence organization under the United States Department of Justice responsible for combatting drug dealing and dissemination inside the United States for both state and local authorities. It is the principal agency for domestic Controlled Substances Act enforcement, with the Federal Bureau of Investigation, U.S. Immigration, Customs Enforcement, and U.S. Customs and Border Protection having concurrent authority. The DEA is solely responsible for organizing and pursuing drug investigations in the United States, both home and overseas.
3. What was the drug discussed in the case? Amount? And the method of smuggling?
The kind of drug discussed in the case was cocaine, and about 0.5 kg of pure cocaine was discovered. The suspect used a very sophisticated method of smuggling to conceal the drugs, and in his luggage, he used shoes whereby the suspect placed the drugs in them. The officer in charge has to do an extra check-up to determine where the suspect had hidden the illegal narcotics.
4. What policies and laws exist that pertain to this case? Local? State? Federal?
Local
For many years, New York has been noted to be the primary illicit drug hub in the history of America. Most drug lords from North America used New York as the transshipment location to connect the manufacturer, transporters, distributors, retailers, and intermediaries to keep the illegal business going. According to (Dhillon, 2019), in the report on drug trafficking and distribution, New York is among the states where there is a potential entry point for drugs. The use of local police departments such as the New York City Police Department (NYCPD) in conjunction with state and federal agencies has been of help to combat the rising cases of drug trafficking in and out of New York for decades. Besides, in New York, local authority and the state’s laws that concern drug trafficking are the same, whereby the convicted person is charged based on the classification of the felony, which starts from the fifth grade. Also, the acceptable ranges from $5000 to $1000000 for the convicted victim.

State
Within New York, a person can be said to be a drug smuggler if he is found to be in control of a drug trafficking group whose sales amount to not less than $75,000 worth of controlled substances. Besides, the state Penal Laws state that if one is found to have narcotic drugs for six months, New York Penal Law section 220.77 assumes drug smuggling a severe felony, and the victim is convicted and faces penalties for a Class A-1 felony offense. Upon conviction, the victim faces a minimum of between 15 and 25 years and a maximum life imprisonment. Furthermore, the proportion of restricted drugs involved determines the punishment for drug smuggling. For example, smuggling methamphetamine, a schedule II narcotic with a weight range of 500 to 4999 grams, has a required prison period of five years and a jail term of forty years (Bukh, 2022).
Federal
The penalty for federal cocaine trafficking offenses varies based on the quantity of the restricted narcotic related to the transaction. In addition, the punishment for successive infractions is doubled. If a narcotic that has already been unlawfully distributed leads to death or significant physical harm, the individual guilty on felony charges of disseminating the narcotic risks a compulsory life term and penalties of up to $8 million. Also, Individuals charged with trafficking any methamphetamine on conspiracy charges risk up to one year in jail and a mandated fine of at least $1,000 and up to $100,000. Consecutively, convictions are penalized by a duration of 15 days in prison, a maximum of two years jail time, and a $2,500 fine. Subsequent infractions are charged by not less than 90 days in jail, a maximum time in prison, and a $5,000 fine (Walker & Mezuk, 2018).

5. How would this person or persons be handled after the incident on the show?
Based on the facts given out by most of the studies conducted in the United States and other countries globally, all persons convicted of possession of narcotic drugs are charged differently according to the circumstances they are intercepted with the drugs. However, the justice system distinguishes between controls and trafficking; the amount of drugs the victim found with is among the first things used in the court during the judgment and punishment and penalty, which is given accordingly. Besides, the kind of drug the defendant is found with is another factor that determines how the authority handles the case. For this case, the suspect was found in possession of about 500grans of pure cocaine, which has been among the most trafficked narcotics in New York via airports. To find out the primary sources of such traffickers and their bosses, the intelligence team may delay the entire process of searching for enough evidence to convict the appended person.
Consecutively, the entire syndicate connected to the suspected is invested in trying to bring as many suspects as possible. All those found to fall under the conspiracy are brought to book and charged together with the initially apprehended suspect. To ensure that all information about the suspect is gathered, the past criminal records are searched. If the suspect is found to have been involved in any illegal drug-related cases, the law will act harder upon him for a subsequent involvement of illicit drugs stated in the Federal Penal Drug laws. Upon gathering enough evidence, the suspect will be taken to court and charged with possession of cocaine on transit via an international airport (Patterson, 2022).

6. What possible outcomes would there be for this case?
Since the suspect had already been caught in possession of cocaine, the police will take action depending on the circumstances the suspect was found with the drugs. Stern measures will be taken against him. To establish a better ground for evidence, the authorities subject the suspect to further questioning to gather more facts, information, and truth. Getting convicted of the crime of possession of a controlled substance is a heinous crime within itself. Still, if one is found guilty of possession of cocaine with the intent to supply it to someone else rather than for personal use, the repercussions can be even more devastating. Because cocaine is a Class A controlled substance, anyone arrested for possession of it will usually face criminal charges for a crime that includes a punishment of a prison term.
The punitive measures for drug offenses, in this case, are determined by the type of drug involved, the amount found in the suspect’s possession, and whether they would be interacting or able to produce it. Furthermore, the consequences of having any amount of drugs might be severe. In most cases, the authorities will move quickly, beginning with apprehension for even the tiniest amount of cocaine, which is what happened in this case. Possession of methamphetamine will also result in a sentence of not only about five years and not just more than 40 years in prison and a fine of up to $2 million. As a result, if the suspect is proven guilty in this case, he will be charged with trafficking cocaine weighing at least 500 grams. He could face a minimum of 5 years in imprisonment and a maximum of 40 years behind bars, and a fine of $2 million.

 

7. What research studies (peer-reviewed journal articles ONLY) examine crime and drug-related death reduction based on combating the importation of drugs (e.g., supply-side)?
Across the world, governments have imposed various local and international regulations, which have helped reduce crimes and deaths associated with drug trafficking. According to the information given by the Indonesian government, the senescence of punishing anyone caught with possession of illegal drugs under the capital punishment Law Number 35 of 2009 has made it possible to combat the negative impacts on society. Malik (2019) ascertains that those who carry out these activities use very hidden and sophisticated methods to conceal their dealing. However, upon their arrests, the government goes hard on them, and thus, harsh punishment is imposed on them. Besides, in some parts of Asia, the governments impose the death penalty for those convicted of having illegally imported, traded, and or possessing prohibited drugs in the country. Such harsh and inhumane punishment has kept the crime and death that may have relations with drug importation to go down in various parts of the world (Luong, 2021).
Furthermore, based on the effects that hit society, having such harsh punishment for those convicted may appear to be very inhumane. Human rights organizations worldwide have come up with debates to abolish such laws in some of the states where there are applicable. According to (Malik, 2019), the propagation and abuse of drug smuggling by producers and distributors is a severe risk that will have a great. The influence is inevitable as it devastates the youth, the sovereign state and is comparable to convicted felon acts of violence and bribery because controlled substance victimization has resulted in Disease, infections, and even fatality amongst some youngsters. As a result, the distribution of pharmaceuticals is atrocities because their conduct might progressively but steadily destroy civilization.
8. What policy reforms could there be (based on valid evidence ONLY) any policy reforms to better handle these situations based on evidence and data?

Across the world, data shows that Since launching a war on drugs in the 1970s, the United States state spent over $1 trillion on anti-narcotics measures both internally and in Latin America and the Caribbean. Drug-war spending by federal agencies in the United States totaled $5.2 billion between 2010 and 2015. It is the only country facing the worst drug trafficking challenges, unlike any other country. Therefore, increase demand-reduction efforts on the Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD), the Training and Certification Program for Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Drug Abuse and Violence, both run by the Organization of American States, as well as other trilateral methodologies, must be strengthened to assist all states in the region in expanding drug research and treatment. Besides, extend cooperation efforts with Latin American and Caribbean nations to combat racketeering and wrongdoing. The actions of the U.S. Commerce and Justice Departments to track and investigate financial crimes now lack adequate funding, staff, and a synchronized policing system to match the scope of the threat facing the hemisphere (Galindo, 2022).
Considering such initiatives as a necessary part of US-hemispheric relations between the two countries should have been a primary concern. Consecutively, the targeted punishments against human traffickers should be strengthened. Local authorities could apply more disciplines against large and small entities participating in illegal behavior, such as allowing Chiefs of Quest more latitude in suspending non-immigrant credentials for those family members. The unanimous American Continent Drug Policy Body Act of 2016 established an impartial authority. The extent of continental anti-narcotics measures necessitates a broad and multinational initiative to prevent coordinated organized crime from infiltrating corporate entities. At this critical juncture, the panel allows Congress to endorse a comprehensive, nonpartisan review of U.S. drug policies globally (Galindo, 2022).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References
Bukh, P. (2022). Federal and Major Felony Drug Trafficking. New York Criminal Attorney: N.Y. Criminal Defense – Bukh Law Firm. Retrieved 27 April 2022, from https://nyccriminallawyer.com/drug-crimes/drug-charges/federal-and-major-felony-drug-trafficking/#:~:text=Drug%20Trafficking%20Laws&text=For%20an%20A-1%20felony,with%20decades%20of%20prison%20time.
Dhillon, U. (2019). 2019 NATIONAL DRUG THREAT ASSESSMENT [Ebook]. Retrieved from https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2020-01/2019-NDTA-final-01-14-2020_Low_Web-DIR-007-20_2019.pdf
Galindo, J. (2022). An Improved Strategy to Fight Drug Trafficking, Organized Crime and Corruption in the Hemisphere. Global Americans. Retrieved 27 April 2022, from https://theglobalamericans.org/reports/improved-strategy-fight-drug-trafficking-organized-crime-corruption-hemisphere/.
Luong, H. (2021). Why Vietnam continues to impose the death penalty for drug offences: A narrative commentary. International Journal Of Drug Policy, 88, 103043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.103043
Malik, F. (2019). BASIC IDEAS FOR DETERMINING DEATH CRIMINAL THREATS IN LAW NUMBER 35 OF 2009 ON NARCOTICS. Ganesha Law Review, 1(1), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.23887/glr.v1i1.16
Patterson, E. (2022). Penalties for Drug Abuse, Selling, and Smuggling in the USA. DrugAbuse.com. Retrieved 27 April 2022, from https://drugabuse.com/addiction/drug-abuse/penalties/.
Walker, L., & Mezuk, B. (2018). Mandatory minimum sentencing policies and cocaine use in the U.S., 19852013. BMC International Health And Human Rights, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12914-018-0182-2

 

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